How does the OS start? What is BootloaderWhen OS is installed, it is stored on the hard disk, a non-volatile memory. Kernel also has an interface to handle system calls from user layer.
Kernel has code which is unique to the hardware platform and code common to all platforms. Kernel space is part of the RAM where the Kernel is loaded. User mode has applications or tools which in turn interact with Kernel directly or indirectly via system libraries, device drivers. Device drivers are softwares that interact (take input or provide output or both) with the firmware of the particular device. System libraries help Software applications to pass instructions to the Kernel or the Device drivers.
There are other system libraries and device drivers. Linux has a monolithic Kernel layer which interacts with the hardware. Operating System Kernel Architecture and Features - Windows, Linux and MacOSĪrchitecture of Linux OSLinux architecture has kernel mode and user mode.
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